Light Cycle Oil (LCO) is a diesel boiling range product from Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCUs). However, LCO is a poor diesel fuel blending component without further processing. Oil refining is an industrial process which involves separation, conversion and finishing. FCC centered refinery uses Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) has the major conversion unit. FCCU…
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. It’s made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries. Production Ammonium phosphate fertilizers first became available in the 1960s, and DAP rapidly became…
Gasoline, also spelled gasolene, also called gas or petrol, is used worldwide primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines. Gasoline is a complex mixture of hundreds of different hydrocarbons. Most are saturated and contain 4 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule. Gasoline used in automobiles boils mainly between 30° and 200° C (85° and 390° F), the…
Naphtha, any of various volatile, light flammable liquid containing a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules typically with between 5 and 10 carbon atoms. It mainly consists of straight chain alkanes (paraffins) but it may also contain cyclohexane (naphthene) and aromatics.. Naphtha was the name originally applied to the more volatile kinds of petroleum issuing from the…
Kerosene also spelled kerosine, also called paraffin or paraffin oil, is a colorless, oily, highly flammable liquid with a strong odor, distilled from petroleum (10–25 % of total volume). It is a mixture of about 10 different types of fairly simple hydrocarbons, depending on its source. Fraction distillation resulting in a mixture of carbon chains…
Mazut is a heavy, low quality fuel oil which is the residue from distillation of gasoline, ligroin, kerosene, and diesel oil fractions from petroleum. It comprises all residual fuel oils, including those obtained by blending. Its kinematic viscosity is above 10 cSt at 80°C. The flash point is always above 50°C and the density is…
Natural-gas condensate is a low-density mixture of hydrocarbon liquids that are present as gaseous components in the raw natural gas produced from many natural gas fields. Some gas species within the raw natural gas will condense to a liquid state if the temperature is reduced to below the hydrocarbon dew point temperature at a set…
Jet fuel or aviation turbine fuel (ATF, also abbreviated avtur) is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colorless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. Jet…
Petroleum Coke, abbreviated Coke or Petcoke, is a final carbon-rich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group of fuels referred to as cokes. Petcoke is the coke that, in particular, derives from a final cracking process–a thermo-based chemical engineering process that splits long chain hydrocarbons of petroleum into…
Gas oil and diesel are virtually the same, the minor difference that exists between these two is that often diesel contains lesser content of sulfur (in some countries; gas oil is diesel fuel but without the dyes which show it has had the road tax paid). Diesel oil is a type of Fuel oil. It…
Bituminous materials or asphalts are extensively used for roadway construction, primarily because of their excellent binding characteristics and water proofing properties and relatively low cost. Bituminous materials consists of bitumen which is a black or dark colored solid or viscous cementitious substances consists chiefly high molecular weight hydrocarbons derived from distillation of petroleum or natural…
Fuel oil, also known as heavy oil, marine fuel or furnace oil, consisting mainly of residues from crude-oil distillation, referring to the heaviest commercial fuel. It is produced by fractional distillation of crude oil between 370 oC (700 0F) and 600 oC (1112 0F) boiling range. Broadly speaking, fuel oil is any liquid petroleum product that is burned in a furnace or boiler for…
LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas – (Autogas) which often constitute of Propane (C3), Butane (C4) or propane/butane mixtures (C3/C4 or P-B mix) have ideal properties as a fuel and are widely used throughout the world. They are stable with a high-energy content and relatively low sulfur. These clean burning fuels can be transported economically in…
Owing to our vast connections over different countries our group have been into a few other general trading with gained experience. A few of these items have been presented within the attached pdf file. General Trades.pdf
Kraissl Transfer Valves are used to “parallel” or duplex two pieces of pipeline equipment in continuous flow without shut off of either one. Examples include duplexing of two heat exchangers, filters or tanks. These rugged units are time tested for many years in a wide variety of fluid applications. APPLICATION Transfer valves are available in…
Sodium bicarbonate is an inorganic salt. In 1791, the French chemist Nicholas Lebens produced sodium bicarbonate in its present form. Sodium bicarbonate for baking bread and leather. The ingestion of sodium bicarbonate is harmless unless it is too high. Baking soda or sodium bicarbonate is one of the sodium salts in combination with carbonic acid,…
Diethanolamine, often abbreviated as DEA, is an organic chemical compound that is both a secondary amine and an alcohol. Alcohol has two hydroxyl groups in its molecule. Like other amines, diethanolamine acts as a weak base. Diethanolamine is widely used in the preparation of diethanolamine and diethanolamine salts of long-chain fatty acids that are formulated…
Granular Urea is white crystalline solid containing 46% nitrogen. It has the highest nitrogen content of any solid nitrogen fertilizer. Granular urea can be applied directly to the soil while using normal spreading equipment. Most of today‘s urea is manufactured as granules. Granules are harder, larger, and more resistant to moisture. Therefore, granulated urea has…
Ammonia (NH₃) is the foundation for the nitrogen (N) fertilizer industry. It can be directly applied to soil as a plant nutrient or converted into a variety of common N fertilizers, but this requires special safety and management precautions. Production Almost 80 percent of Earth’s atmosphere is composed of nitrogen gas (N₂), but in a…
Sulfur is one of the known chemical elements in Mendeleev’s table. Sulfur or sulfur has 16 electrons. In the late 1770s, Antoine Lavaudieu was able to convince scientific assemblies that sulfur is an element rather than a compound. Sulfur is used to produce agricultural fertilizers and sulfuric acid. This element is in the third stage…